constants

Physical Constants

Constant	Symbol	SI Value	Common Units	Curriculum Context
Speed of light	$c$	$2.998\times 10^8\text{m/s}$	—	Relativity (lorentz-transformations), $E=hc/\lambda$ (photoelectric-effect), distance scales (distance-measurement)
Planck’s constant	$h$	$6.626\times 10^{-34}\text{Jcdotps}$	$4.136\times 10^{-15}\text{eVcdotps}$	photoelectric-effect, de-broglie-wavelength, bohr-model; bridge to periodic trends (interdisciplinary)
Reduced Planck	$\hslash$	$1.055\times 10^{-34}\text{Jcdotps}$	—	schrodinger-equation, uncertainty principle
Avogadro’s number	$N_A$	$6.022\times 10^{23}{\text{mol}}^{-1}$	—	stoichiometry — the mole is the bridge between atomic and lab scale
Boltzmann constant	$k_B$	$1.381\times 10^{-23}\text{J/K}$	$8.617\times 10^{-5}\text{eV/K}$	thermodynamics, Boltzmann distribution → reaction-kinetics (interdisciplinary)
Elementary charge	$e$	$1.602\times 10^{-19}\text{C}$	—	electrochemical-cells, photoelectric-effect (eV conversion), radiation-types
Electron mass	$m_e$	$9.109\times 10^{-31}\text{kg}$	$0.511\text{MeV}/c^2$	de-broglie-wavelength, bohr-model, beta decay (nuclear-decay)
Proton mass	$m_p$	$1.673\times 10^{-27}\text{kg}$	$938.3\text{MeV}/c^2$	Nuclear binding energy (mass-energy-equivalence), atomic-structure
Gas constant	$R$	$8.314\text{J/(molcdotpK)}$	$0.08206\text{Lcdotpatm/(molcdotpK)}$	gas-laws, Arrhenius (reaction-kinetics), Nernst (electrochemical-cells). Note $R=N_A{k}_B$
Faraday’s constant	$F$	$96,485\text{C/mol}$	—	electrochemical-cells. Note $F=N_{A}e$
Gravitational constant	$G$	$6.674\times 10^{-11}{\text{Ncdotpm}}^2/{\text{kg}}^2$	—	Gravity (newtons-laws-2d), orbits and black-holes (interdisciplinary — inverse square)
Permittivity of free space	${\epsilon }_0$	$8.854\times 10^{-12}\text{F/m}$	—	Coulomb’s law, bohr-model derivation, electrostatics (interdisciplinary — inverse square)

Pattern worth internalising: $R=N_A{k}_B$ and $F=N_{A}e$ — the “chemistry” constants are the “physics” constants scaled by a mole. One fact, not four.